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load shedding in Pakistan Ghareeb awam

The electricity <a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/08/load-shedding-in-pakistan-ghareeb-awam.html">load shedding</a> in <a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/07/about-pakistan.html">Pakistan</a> would have not been a big problem to cope with but its made much bigger by adopting the defective policies. One of the causes of load shedding is called the circular debt, which means the private electricity generation companies keep generating the power but they do not get the money for the electricity they have provided, in that case they can generate the electricity for limited period and after that when the outstanding amount to be paid by government to these companies cross a limit, by being not able to fuel costs these companies stop the production till they have get paid back by government. <br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PJzFbjFB6RY/Tjf4sYrAYjI/AAAAAAAAA6o/3A4D4J3YLFA/s1600/untitled.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PJzFbjFB6RY/Tjf4sYrAYjI/AAAAAAAAA6o/3A4D4J3YLFA/s320/untitled.bmp" width="320" /></a></div>This have been happening very much lately, current approach from government is they let the circular dept build up and while companies stop production they are paid back after many months and mean while that halt brings in more shortage and more electricity load shedding subsiquently.<br /><br />Now this is the place where the issue of rental power plants come in. The question is, when you are not able to finance the current infrastructure and when you are not fully utilizing the current generation capacity, why on earth you need the rental power plants? – It would have made some sense if the rental power plants would have have come with low cost electricity but unfortunately other than thinking of paying back the circular dept and taking all the current resources in action our government have chosen to bring in the rental power plants. The plants which does not still started generating the power but we already started paying the rent money.<br /><br />After carefully reading whats written above one can decide that the rental power plants stunt was really not required at the moment. Moreover when you live in country which is blessed with so much of natural resources why on earth you have to go for rental power plants. Wind forms and solar energy power plants have got huge potential in this country which can bring in lots of low cast energy, also if more dams are planned, we can get much more hydro power<img alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" />.<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zD0P5QOf-Yo/Tjf4s4-lKUI/AAAAAAAAA6s/bJqXSXGs83Q/s1600/images.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zD0P5QOf-Yo/Tjf4s4-lKUI/AAAAAAAAA6s/bJqXSXGs83Q/s1600/images.jpeg" /></a><br /><br />After that come in the coal reserves which is blessing for this nation, we have got the coal reserves which are in few biggest coal reserves of the world. Research shows that if we use just 2% of these reserves for power generation we will be able to keep on generating the extra 25000 Mega Watts of power for next 40 years just from coal and we just have overall electricity consumption of 16000 Mega Watts country wide today. 12000 Mega Watts of power out of our 16000 mega watts is already being generated. The above facts clearly show that if the right policies are adopted we can not only generate enough power to meet our energy requirements but also generate power to sell out.<br /><br />The problem of our country have never been the resources but only and only the sincere leadership which really cares for the country and all the souls living in it. For the moment we can just pray to Allah for blessing Pakistan with the leadership which is sincere and capable of making things happen. Next time when you vote in elections just think for your country and nothing else, keep the previous experiences in mind, they will help you much.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-AXZRmk-Sl48/Tjf4tcrvpfI/AAAAAAAAA6w/qRkmNiUduJs/s1600/Loadshedding+in+Pakistan.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-AXZRmk-Sl48/Tjf4tcrvpfI/AAAAAAAAA6w/qRkmNiUduJs/s1600/Loadshedding+in+Pakistan.JPG" /></a></div><br /><br />Do subscribe to our Email updates, <a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/">Facebook</a> and Twitter pages  rest assured we will keep you updated.<br /><br />Click to view<br /><br /><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/07/caps-of-pakistan.html">CAPS OF PAKISTAN</a><br /><br /><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/07/pakistans-bomb.html">CARS OF PAKISTAN</a>

PAKISTAN load shedding in Pakistan Ghareeb awam

The electricity load shedding in Pakistan would have not been a big problem to cope with but its made much bigger by adopting the defecti...

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<div style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">To Watch the program click on its image</span></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/LEKIN%20GEO%20NEWS"><img border="0" height="81" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VElYSkmnefs/TjfqGZav3iI/AAAAAAAAA6c/mPa_iMb3zmk/s320/gggggggggggggg.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/Hum%20Sab%20Umeed%20Se%20Hain"><img border="0" height="83" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HLZ2egpEDYs/TjfqF60rkEI/AAAAAAAAA6Y/3impiW2pBpE/s320/gggggggggggg.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/Khabar%20Naak"><img border="0" height="83" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bJALElswovc/TjfqDoq8c_I/AAAAAAAAA6M/_PEpjBJBWuY/s320/gggggggg.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/AAJ%20KAMRAN%20KHAN%20K%20STH%20"><img border="0" height="83" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Sp6rw0moU1E/TjfqC8AdWWI/AAAAAAAAA6I/RJMvtcdpgL0/s320/ggggggg.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/FIR"><img border="0" height="83" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VstkHUGObQY/TjfqCCk5iOI/AAAAAAAAA6E/sZN3lcH24G4/s320/gggggg.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/AWAM%20KI%20ADALAT"><img border="0" height="83" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-mBIS0BZjkTw/TjfqFOIbPJI/AAAAAAAAA6U/7wpo2IGbmMo/s320/ggggggggggg.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/Capital%20Talk"><img border="0" height="83" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lpbHmEJv7cs/TjfqBPBTh2I/AAAAAAAAA6A/f1SUlw1squQ/s320/ggggg.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/Aapas%20Ki%20Baat%20With%20Najam%20Sethi"><img border="0" height="83" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ikPxSJdcSZg/TjfqEEKe7hI/AAAAAAAAA6Q/geXOTyv9cOo/s320/ggggggggg.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/ak%20din%20geo%20k%20sath"><img border="0" height="83" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VEzLr72eX7I/TjfsYosn6LI/AAAAAAAAA6k/9alaeA-Bs3U/s320/gggg.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/BANANA%20NEWS"><img border="0" height="83" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1b71jFMUjwk/Tjgfgo58-PI/AAAAAAAAA60/oPsXXhYhYLg/s320/Untitled+-+2t.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="83" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YjlFuIfs-tc/TjgfhVV4oTI/AAAAAAAAA64/7Zj47K62liI/s320/Untitled+-+2th.jpg" width="320" /></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/Hum%20Sab%20Umeed%20Se%20Hain"><img border="0" height="83" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6GvHJE2z6Bk/Tjgfh-OOupI/AAAAAAAAA68/1AGztW2ebUw/s320/Untitled+-+1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/jirga"><img border="0" height="83" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WpMWm2pUmII/TjgfivWZl-I/AAAAAAAAA7A/wWsKp0tCaSI/s320/Untitled+-+2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">YOU MAY ALSO LIKE TALK SHOWS FROM</span><br /><br /><b><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/07/4-man-show-islamabad-tonight-bolta.html" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">AAJ TV</a></b><br /><br /><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/07/blog-post.html"><u><b style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">ARY NEWS</b></u></a>

GEO NEWS geo news programs

To Watch the program click on its image YOU MAY ALSO LIKE TALK SHOWS FROM AAJ TV ARY NEWS

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ary news programs

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/pakistan%20tonight" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /><br /></a></div><ul style="color: #134f5c; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: center;"><li><b><span style="font-size: large;">To Watch the program click on its image</span></b></li><br /></ul><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><br /><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/11TH%20HOUR" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="149" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-y9Y0JdFGjd0/TjZDdArhP_I/AAAAAAAAA5o/f0umILAZOYk/s200/11th-hour-thumbnail-e1308759523327.png" width="200" /></a></td></tr><br /><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">11TH HOUR</td></tr><br /></tbody></table><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><br /><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/Do%20Tok" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="106" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zFpRii-WRzc/TjZDfI3swZI/AAAAAAAAA5s/kRFsHWEROQU/s200/dotok-ani.gif" width="200" /></a></td></tr><br /><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">DO TOK</td></tr><br /></tbody></table><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><br /><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/SAWAL%20YEH%20HAI" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="121" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zFdd6EZwvE8/TjZDgFRHS8I/AAAAAAAAA5w/2BC5U3OBgTw/s200/images1.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr><br /><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">SAWAL YEH HAI</td></tr><br /></tbody></table><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><br /><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/pakistan%20tonight" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mmgmhT25KR8/TjZDb8Sl56I/AAAAAAAAA5k/NLlm_SVk4jw/s200/pakistan+tonight.jpg" width="77" /></a></td></tr><br /><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">PAKISTAN TONIGHT</td></tr><br /></tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><br /><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/off%20the%20record" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="127" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rdJuAn3MG-4/TjZDgm8thhI/AAAAAAAAA50/D0YynvSqHns/s200/off+the+recordc.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr><br /><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">OFF THE RECORD</td></tr><br /></tbody></table><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">YOU MAY ALSO LIKE TALK SHOWS FROM</span><br /><br /><b><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/07/4-man-show-islamabad-tonight-bolta.html" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">AAJ TV</a></b><br /><br /><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/07/blog-post.html"><u><b style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">ARY NEWS</b></u></a><br /><br /><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/08/geo-news-programs.html"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">GEO NEWS</span></b></a>

ary news ary news programs

To Watch the program click on its image 11TH HOUR DO TOK SAWAL YEH HAI PAKISTAN TONIGHT OFF THE RECORD YOU MAY ALSO LIKE...

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AAJ TV PROGRAMS

<div style="color: #0b5394; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">To Watch the program click on its image</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: left;"><tbody><br /><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/4%20man%20show" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="131" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ZCPvHRlZCzQ/TjY-K1ihGeI/AAAAAAAAA5c/p_BI6y4ULzI/s200/4+man+show+%25281%2529.jpg" width="200" /></a></div></td></tr><br /><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',sans-serif;"><b>4 MAN SHOW</b></span></div></td></tr><br /></tbody></table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><br /><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/ISLAMABAD%20TONIGHT" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="159" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-90xs3UC0tmQ/TjY-KL0_PtI/AAAAAAAAA5Y/-QU7vSLx5iM/s200/islamabad+tonight.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr><br /><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>ISLAMABAD TONIGHT</b></td></tr><br /></tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><br /><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/Bolta%20Pakistan" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="100" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8rux-Hy6zAE/TjY-LZ4gJ_I/AAAAAAAAA5g/Y2frkewFvjY/s200/Bolta+Pakistan.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr><br /><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>BOLTA PAKISTAN</b></td></tr><br /></tbody></table><br /><br /><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">YOU MAY ALSO LIKE TALK SHOWS FROM</span><br /><br /><b><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/07/4-man-show-islamabad-tonight-bolta.html" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">AAJ TV</a></b><br /><br /><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/07/blog-post.html"><u><b style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">ARY NEWS</b></u></a><br /><br /><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/08/geo-news-programs.html"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">GEO NEWS</span></b></a>

AAJ TV AAJ TV PROGRAMS

To Watch the program click on its image 4 MAN SHOW ISLAMABAD TONIGHT BOLTA PAKISTAN YOU MAY ALSO LIKE TALK SHOWS FROM AAJ TV ARY...

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pakistani talkshows

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">WATCH </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/09/samma-tv-programs.html">SAMAA TV programs</a><br /><br /><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/08/geo-news-programs.html">GEO NEWS programs</a><br /><br /><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/08/dawn-news-programs.html">DAWN NEWS programs</a><br /><br /><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/09/express-news-programs.html">EXPRESS NEWS programs</a><br /><br /><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/09/dunya-news-programs.html">DUNIYA NEWS programs</a><br /><br /><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/07/blog-post.html">ARY NEWS programs</a><br /><br /><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/07/4-man-show-islamabad-tonight-bolta.html">AAJ NEWS programs</a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><br /><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="167" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mjKFP6Yc6Rw/TjWlu-JhbLI/AAAAAAAAA4o/71nUmGFMtFQ/s400/alltvs.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></td></tr><br /><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">watch talk shows from these channels click on the channel</td></tr><br /></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/08/geo-news-programs.html"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Tht14fZR6cs/TjW2Gmz4vHI/AAAAAAAAA5I/HclAMDWNeGk/s1600/geoimg.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/07/4-man-show-islamabad-tonight-bolta.html" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-E7_wYpJB8as/TjW2DQFyS7I/AAAAAAAAA44/sg3h1zYVaCE/s1600/aajs-img.jpg" /></a><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/08/dawn-news-programs.html"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-P0lKd_L_fjU/TjW2EfVkrgI/AAAAAAAAA48/mKDhL2lPLys/s1600/daw.jpg" /></a></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/09/samma-tv-programs.html"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8YpJsmIghxo/TjW2E5gJ9BI/AAAAAAAAA5A/kZpTl3reXyg/s1600/dsmaa+-+3.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/07/blog-post.html" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-E_fbcb5e1_A/TjW2IO17wwI/AAAAAAAAA5Q/zu7cbHwfPYw/s1600/oblossng-sbutssssdssons-img.jpg" /></a><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/09/dunya-news-programs.html"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-onqPMt00ArQ/TjW2FxeZA8I/AAAAAAAAA5E/fToI0iZJi-Y/s1600/dun.jpg" /></a> </div><br /><br /><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/09/express-news-programs.html"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-piLR-BBOeb8/TjW2IkOQ7LI/AAAAAAAAA5U/cX6aza-JA58/s1600/obons-img.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tiQ53CHQRG4/TjWwLHiTqJI/AAAAAAAAA4w/OZL0z6iP7fY/s1600/Untitled%2B-%2B2fm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /><br /></a></div>

talkshows pakistani talkshows

WATCH SAMAA TV programs GEO NEWS programs DAWN NEWS programs EXPRESS NEWS programs DUNIYA NEWS programs ARY NEWS programs AAJ NEWS pro...

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About PAKISTAN

<a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/Schools"></a><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-mOi8vAkWr1w/TeWq2YueVOI/AAAAAAAAAPU/NVE_BsffEZI/s1600/images.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-mOi8vAkWr1w/TeWq2YueVOI/AAAAAAAAAPU/NVE_BsffEZI/s1600/images.jpeg" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><b>Introduction:</b><br /><br />The Islamic Republic of Pakistan emerged on the map of the world as an independent sovereign state on 14th August 1947, as a result of the division of the former British India. Located in South Asia, Pakistan shares an eastern border with India and a north-eastern border with China. Iran makes up the country’s south-west border, and Afghanistan runs along its western and northern edge. The Arabian Sea lies along Pakistan’s southern boundary.<br /><br /><br /><br />The total population of Pakistan is 130.6 million (according to population census 1988). Pakistan is divided into four provinces; Sindh, Punjab, North West Frontier Province, and Balochistan. The country is comprised of a vast area that was a great center of ancient civilizations of the world. Its historical sites, beginning with stone-age to Twentieth Century A.D are a mirror of the life of its peoples who are by nature simple, virile, hospitable and hard working. Ancient sites excavated in Taxila, Harappa, and Mohenjodaro speak volumes about Pakistan’s rich cultural background, dating back to 3,000 B.C – with some sites such as Mehrgarh dating as far back as 8,000 BC.<br /><br /><br /><br /><b>Government:</b><br /><br /><br /><br />Pakistan has a federal structure. Parliament consists of the Lower House (National Assembly) and the Upper House (Senate). Members of the National Assembly are directly elected and their term of office is five years. The National Assembly determines the major policy issues and passes an annual budget and legislation. It elects the Prime Minister from among its members.<br /><br /><br /><br />The Prime Minister forms the cabinet from among members of the Assembly and the Senate. Provinces have their own elected legislative assemblies and Chief Ministers. The Provincial Assemblies elect the majority of the members of the Upper House. <br /><br /><br /><br /><b>Facts and Figures:</b><br /><br /><br /><br />The national language is Urdu, while the official language is English. Some of the main regional languages include Sindhi, Baluchi, Punjabi and Pushto.<br /><br /><br /><br />Pakistan has a Population of over 130 million. At present, the growth rate is 2.8 percent per annum. The major cities are Karachi (10 million),Lahore (5.5 million), Faisalabad (2 million), Rawalpindi (928,000), Islamabad (340,286). Other cities include Peshawar, Quetta, Rawalpindi, Hyderabad, Multan and Sialkot. Major religions are Muslim (97%), Hindu (1.5%), Christian (1%) and several other minorities.<br /><br /><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZTALBudnSKU/TeWq26i43gI/AAAAAAAAAPY/9kTt6sKtOQo/s1600/imOIages.jpeg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZTALBudnSKU/TeWq26i43gI/AAAAAAAAAPY/9kTt6sKtOQo/s1600/imOIages.jpeg" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><b>Area:</b><br /><br /><br /><br />Total Area: 796,095 Sq. Km<br /><br /><br /><br />Punjab Province: 205,344 Sq. Km<br /><br />Sindh Province: 140,914 Sq. Km<br /><br />North West Frontier Province (NWFP): 74,521 Sq. Km<br /><br />Balochistan Province: 347,190 Sq. Km<br /><br />Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA): 27,220 Sq. Km<br /><br />Islamabad (Capital): 906 Sq. Km<br /><br /><br /><br />travel guide of Pakistan<a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/2011/07/pakistan-traveler-info.html"> click here </a><br /><br />to view about schools in Pakistan <a href="http://muftpakistan.blogspot.com/search/label/Schools">click here</a>

about pakistan PAKISTAN About PAKISTAN

Introduction: The Islamic Republic of Pakistan emerged on the map of the world as an independent sovereign state on 14th August 1947, as...

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The Caps of Pakistan

<strong>Mast Qalandar (MQ)</strong><br /><br /><em>(Editor’s Note: This was first posted at ATP four years ago on November 27, 2006. It remains one of our favorite ATP posts and we are re-posting it today on its fourth anniversary)</em>.<br /><br />Pakistan is a country of many ethnic groups and cultures. This is apparent not only in the looks of its people and the different languages and dialects they speak, but also in their traditions and dress.<br /><br /><a href="http://pakistaniat.com/2008/09/24/turban-pugree-pug-pakistan/"><img alt="" src="http://pakistaniat.com/images/Caps/cap-05.jpg" /><img alt="" src="http://pakistaniat.com/images/Caps/cap-04.jpg" /><img alt="" src="http://pakistaniat.com/images/Caps/cap-03.jpg" /><img alt="" src="http://pakistaniat.com/images/Caps/cap-02.jpg" /><img alt="" src="http://pakistaniat.com/images/Caps/cap-01.jpg" /><img alt="" src="http://pakistaniat.com/images/Caps/cap-06.jpg" /></a><br /><br />One of the things a first time visitor to Pakistan would notice is the variety of caps and turbans Pakistani men wear, particularly in the rural areas. (Urban Pakistanis, especially the educated class, are mostly bareheaded.) With increased travel and TV exposure, the caps worn in one part of the country have also been adopted by people in other parts, but, still, the cap or turban a Pakistani wears could give away his ethnicity and, at times, even his social status.<br /><br />The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) and Gilgit-Baltistan have the largest variety of men’s headwear, the most common being the <em>pakol</em>, also known as Chitrali cap —that flat, round cap with a little brim, which, when not worn, looks somewhat like a Frisby and, if thrown into the air, could even fly like one for a short distance. <br /><br />The <em>pakol</em> is made out of coarse woolen cloth, locally known as <em>pattoo</em>. The <em>pattoo</em> is first sewn into the shape of a cylinder, about a foot or more long. One end of the cylinder is capped with a round piece of the same material, slightly wider than the cylinder itself. The woolen cylinder is then inverted and fitted onto a round wooden block; the rim of the woolen cylinder is then rolled up to the top. The flat top protrudes a little over the rolled-up edge to give the cap a tiny brim. Otherwise, all Pakistani headwear, unlike the Western hats, is brimless. This is so because Muslims pray with their heads covered; a brimmed cap or Western hat would interfere with the sajdah (act of prostration during prayers). The little brim of the <em>pakol</em>, however, presents no such problem.The cap comes in various colors: white, gray, and different shades of brown.<br /><br /><a href="http://pakistaniat.com/category/mast-qalandar/" target="_blank"><strong><img align="right" alt="" src="http://pakistaniat.com/images/Caps/pakol-ad.jpg" /></strong></a>The <em>pakol</em> is believed to have originated in Afghanistan, where it is a popular headwear among the people of Northern Afghanistan. The West got to look at this cap, and even like it, during the Soviet-Afghan war when Ahmad Shah Masud, an icon of the Soviet-Afghan war, and his fighters were often seen on TV and newspapers wearing this cap. Some online stores began selling the <em>pakol</em> to the Western customers, both men and women, and probably still do. In the southern and eastern Afghanistan, however, particularly since the advent of the Taliban, turbans have become a more common headwear.<br /><br />In Chitral, and Gilgit-Baltistan, the white color <em>pakol</em> is more popular and is sometimes worn with a peacock plume stuck in the folds, like a badge, on the front or the side of the cap. The deep blue and green of the peacock feather, set against the white of the cap, is quite eye catching.<br /><br />Because of the woolen material, <em>pakol</em> is basically a cold weather cap. In particularly chilly weather, the cap can be unrolled and pulled down over the ears, like a ski cap. Worn this way, it may look sloppy but is effective against the cold. However, when worn properly, the edges rolled up and the cap sitting lightly on the head at a slight angle, it is a smart looking cap.<br /><br />Personally, I like this cap and occasionally wear it, too, in the winters. The only problem I find with it is, since it is made of coarse woolen cloth, it is very itchy on the forehead. I wish someone would think of lining the inside of the rim of the cap with some soft material.<br /><br />The <em>pakol</em> also has another, unintended, use. It can be used as money pouch. Often, you see people, particularly the daily-wage laborers, when shopping at the the <em>khokas</em> and <em>tandoors</em>, retrieving the money out of the folds of their cap, and then carefully putting the change back.<br /><br />Another cap, which is common in the NWFP, is the round, white cotton cap with a flat top, commonly worn by the <em>madrassa</em> students. It resembles an overturned bowl or a cake mould with vertical walls and a flat top. This is an all-weather cap and is much cheaper than the <em>pakol</em>. (It is different from the white crocheted skullcap usually worn by many people all over the country, while going to the mosque).<br /><br />Another flamboyant cap, the Swati cap, called so because it originated in Swat district of NWFP, is similar in shape to the white cotton cap mentioned earlier but is heavily embroidered with ’<em>tilla</em>’ or golden thread. It’s a colorful and attractive cap, usually worn by youngsters. Also, coincidentally, it was, and probably still is, quite popular among the ‘<em>tanga-wallas</em>’ (the horse carriage drivers) and ‘<em>battair baaz</em>’ (people who keep quails as pets and train them as fighter birds) of Peshawar. The social reputation of these people, not quite spotless, also rubbed on this otherwise attractive Swati cap and, therefore, it did not become popular among the educated and sophisticated classes of the NWFP.— or, perhaps, because it was too gaudy or loud for sophisticated taste.<br /><br />Yet another cap that is worn more in the NWFP than anywhere else in Pakistan is the <em>karakul</em> or <em>karakuli</em>. It originated in Central Asia. While the <em>pakol</em> and the white cotton caps are worn by young, old, rich and poor alike, the <em>karakul</em> cap is worn by relatively well-to-do people. A genuine <em>karakul</em> cap can be expensive.<br /><br /><em>Karakul</em>, actually, is the name of a family of sheep bred in Central Asia. This particular breed is known for its soft and curly pelt. Shorter and tighter curls signify a better quality pelt. The best quality pelt, however, is obtained from the sheep’s kid when it is still in the mother’s womb. The pregnant sheep is slaughtered to get to the fetus, and then the fetus is killed to get the pelt. (I wonder how the pro-life activists would react to the karakul cap.) The karakul cap comes in two shapes: Collapsible boat-shaped and the hard oval-shaped.<br /><br />In the later years of his life, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the Quaid-e-Azam of Pakistan, started wearing the boat-shaped karakul cap along with <em>achkan</em> and <em>shalwar</em> in public. Because of him, the boat-shaped karakul cap came to be known as Jinnah Cap. The name still holds.<br /><br />Later, President Ayub Khan also wore a karakul cap, the hard oval-shaped version, with his Western suits. He wore it with a slight tilt, and the cap sat well on him. During his presidency, when the US First Lady, Jacqueline Kennedy, came visiting and went to Peshawar, she was presented with a dark colored <em>karakul</em> cap by her hosts, which she wore, possibly emulating Ayub Khan, at a slight angle. By wearing that cap, Jacqueline Kennedy not only complemented her hosts but also stood out as a striking figure in the crowd.<br /><br />A boat-shaped karakul and a striped, green gown has also become the trademark attire of President Karzai of Afghanistan.<br /><br />One cannot think of a cap that could be associated with Punjab. The province is virtually “cap-less”. Punjab is the land of ‘<em>pugs</em>’, ‘<em>pugrees</em>’ or turbans. However, one cap that can still be seen in Punjab, even though only occasionally, is the <em>rumi topi</em>, also known as fez in English and tarboosh in Arabic.<br /><br />The <em>rumi topi</em> originated in the city of Fez in Morocco, hence the name fez. Somewhere in the mid 19th century, the then Ottoman Sultan, in order to “modernize” Turkey and its armed forces, adopted the fez as national headwear, along with a Western style uniform for its armed forces. Since the Ottoman Empire at that time extended to Egypt, Iraq and other Arab lands, the fez was adopted in those countries as well. That is where it got the Arabic name <em>tarboosh</em>.<br /><br />The Muslims of the Indo-Pak subcontinent, attracted to the Caliphate or Khilafat, among other things Middle-Eastern, adopted the fez as part of their Muslim attire, and gave it the name <em>rumi topi</em>. (Turkey, also known as Rum in the Muslim world because of its earlier connection with the Roman Empire, then was the home of the Caliphate.)<br /><br />Mustafa Kamal, however, abolished the Caliphate and along with it all its symbols, including the fez, in 1924-25. Instead, he introduced the Western hat. But the fez stayed with the Indian Muslims until well after the establishment of Pakistan. If one looks at the old pictures of the period of the Pakistan movement and soon after, one can see many fez caps in them. The rulers of Bahawalpur state in Pakistan wore fez caps, possibly because of their Abbasi connection with Baghdad, and even made it mandatory for their staff and soldiers as long as the state was an autonomous part of Pakistan.<br /><br />One of the most prominent Pakistani politicians who wore the fez all his life was Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan. In fact, the <em>fez</em> – and <em>hukka</em> – became his identification.<br /><br />Sindh has its own distinctive cap, which stands out for its colorful embroidery and glasswork. The Sindhi cap is round in shape except that a portion in front is cut out to expose the forehead, possibly for religious reasons, as explained earlier. It comes in two varieties: hard and soft. The hard variety, when not worn, keeps its shape, but the soft variety can be folded, and even put into one’s picket. Many Sindhis, rich or poor, own a Sindhi cap and routinely wear it.

news PAKISTAN tradition The Caps of Pakistan

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